Отправить эту статью по почте Проблема ненасилия в зарубежной психологии (обзор публикаций)
Аннотация
Актуальность исследования проблемы ненасилия в психологии обусловлена двумя факторами. Во-первых, ненасилие выступает в качестве альтернативы прямому и структурному насилию как способность противостоять негативным явлениям в обществе: войнам, росту преступности, нетерпимости, конфликтам на всех уровнях и др. Во-вторых, — интересом психологии к миролюбивой личности, способной достигать жизненных целей без необоснованного использования принуждения. Цель настоящего обзора — представить в систематизированном виде исследования проблемы ненасилия в зарубежной психологии.
Раскрываются содержательные стороны ненасилия, которое понимается не только как отрицание принуждения, но и как созидательная жизнеутверждающая сила. Ненасилие изучается на разных уровнях: внутриличностном, межличностном, социальном и международном. Дается обзор различных теорий ненасилия: Р. Берроуза, В. Кула, А. Бренеса, Д. Риттера, Д. Мейтона, М. Розенберга. Рассматриваются проблемы, связанные с измерением ненасилия: шкала пацифизма Эллиотта, шкала ненасильственной личности Хасана и Хана, тест ненасилия Кула и Сена, подростковый тест ненасилия Мейтона и др.
Осуществлен анализ различных направлений психологии ненасилия: психологии мира, психологии миролюбия, психологии смирения, психологии нонкиллинга. Дается обзор проблематики эмпирических исследований в рамках каждого направления. Особое внимание уделяется вопросам обучения ненасилию, анализируются программы образования в духе мира и ненасилия, коррекции агрессивного поведения и формирования способности к ненасильственному взаимодействию.
Делается вывод о том, что в зарубежной науке психология ненасилия выступает как самостоятельное направление, имеющее свою методологию, теорию, исследовательский аппарат, практическое приложение.Ключевые слова
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17805/zpu.2020.1.15
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